The IMAGING-PAM family comprises the versions MAXI, MINI and MICROSCOPY. The different versions employ the same Multi Control Unit IMAG-CG. Also, the same camera can be used for different versions. This modularity permits easy and most cost-effective switching between various applications and magnifications provided by the IMAGING-PAM M-Series.

The MAXI and MINI versions can be combined with the Gas-Exchange System GFS-3000 and, thus, integrates detailed spatial information on photosynthesis with exact analysis of photosynthetic carbon fixation.

Most recently, an advanced method to create three-dimensional plant images has been added to the MAXI version. This new configuration opens the way to project data of fluorescence analysis on the three-dimensional plant image so that photosynthesis can be analyzed in the context of whole plant architecture.

Outstanding Properties of the IMAGING-PAM family

• Homogeneous illumination of measured area
• Cost efficiency due to modular design
• Remote control interface for automation
• Accessories for countless applications

The brand-new integration of a precise 3D scanner into the proven MAXI version of the IMAGING-PAM fluorometer combines saturation pulse analysis with knowledge on size, number, position and angle of leaves. As a result, the effective light intensity per unit of leaf area can be considered when light effects on photosynthesis or photoinhibition are evaluated.

The 3D configuration provides a multitude of additional morphological data for structural phenotyping of plants. Together, morphological parameters and fluorometrically characterized, functional parameters form a new realm in plant phenotyping.

A wide range of photosynthetic parameters can be derived from fluorescence measurements, giving insight into the physiological state of all photosynthetically active organisms, including higher plants, mosses and ferns as well as various types of algae, phytoplankton and biofilms.

The new 3D version of IMAGING-PAM is particularly suited for precise measurements of whole above-ground parts of sample plants. It measures the exact leaf height and provides a clear numerical description of single leaves (size, shape, angle, balance point) and entire plants (rosette radius, surface area and number of leaves).

For different applications the MAXI, MINI and MICROSCOPY versions are available in various configurations differing in optical geometries and excitation wavelengths. While blue excitation light is normally used for fluorescence imaging of higher plants and algae, red-orange excitation is recommended for cyanobacteria.

Measuring heads can also be equipped with special LEDs and filter sets for imaging fluorescence from reporter molecules like GFP. The use of power LEDs allows actinic intensities of up to 5000 μmol m-2 s-1 (depending on the M-Series member and configuration).

For the measurement of suspensions additional filter plates are available enhancing the image quality even with reflective surfaces. For PSII measurements under ambient light conditions also the communication with our Universal Light Meter ULM-500 is possible, so that real time light values directly can be taken over to the IMAGING-PAM report file.

For the combination of different measuring techniques like e.g. gas exchange, adapters are available so that PSII imaging can be performed under climate control combined also.